Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cells form a mass of tissue called a tumour. Not all tumours are cancerous; benign tumours do not spread to other parts of the body and are usually not

life-threatening. Malignant tumours, conversely, are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. There are more than 100 types of cancers. Typically, cancers are named based on the organs or tissues where they originate. For instance, lung cancer begins in the lungs, and brain cancer develops in the brain. Additionally, cancers can be classified by the specific type of cell origin, such as epithelial or squamous cells.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact causes of cancer remain complex and multifactorial, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing cancer. These factors include genetic predisposition, exposure to carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke or certain chemicals), unhealthy lifestyle choices, and environmental factors.

Signs and Symptoms

Common warning signs include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, changes in the skin, abnormal bleeding, lumps or swelling, and constant pain. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of these symptoms.

Diagnosis and Staging

Diagnosing cancer involves a series of tests and procedures, including imaging tests, laboratory tests, and sometimes biopsies. Staging determines the extent and spread of cancer, which is essential for effective treatment planning.

Treatment Options

Cancer treatment depends on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and individual preferences. Common treatment modalities include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. Your healthcare team will tailor a treatment plan specifically for you.

Survivorship and Supportive Care

Cancer survivorship focuses on life after cancer treatment which involves regular follow-up visits to monitor for recurrence or potential late effects of treatment. Leading a fulfilling life as a cancer survivor involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, addressing ongoing concerns, and embracing positive changes. It involves maintaining a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, getting enough rest, managing stress, and seeking emotional support from loved ones and support networks.

Understanding cancer is the first step towards effectively managing this challenging disease. Remember to collaborate closely with your healthcare team, ask questions, seek support, and stay positive. The continuous progress in medical research and comprehensive care brings hope to the ongoing battle against cancer.