There are various types of echo tests available, and the doctor will provide more information on the specific test that is best suited for the patient’s disease condition:

• Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE): A transthoracic echocardiogram is the most common type of echocardiogram. It involves placing a small device called a transducer on the chest. The transducer emits sound waves that create images of the heart.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): A transesophageal echocardiogram involves inserting a flexible tube with a transducer attached (the transducer is the device that emits sound waves) into the esophagus, which is located behind the heart. This allows for closer and more detailed imaging of the heart’s structures, especially the backside, which is not easily visible from the chest wall. It is usually performed under sedation to make the patient comfortable during the procedure.
• Stress echocardiogram: A stress echocardiogram is performed to assess the heart’s function during physical stress. It involves obtaining echocardiogram images before and after exercising on a treadmill. This helps doctors evaluate how well an individual’s heart responds to stress and detect abnormalities that may not be visible at rest.
• Dobutamine stress echocardiogram: This is another form of stress echocardiogram. Instead of exercising, a drug called dobutamine is administered to simulate the effect of a vigorous workout on the heart. This test is performed when an individual is unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike. It provides information about the heart’s response to activity and helps assess the risk of coronary artery disease (blockages in the arteries) as well as the effectiveness of cardiac treatments. During the procedure, a technician will attach EKG electrodes to the chest, and a nurse will insert an intravenous line (IV) into a vein in the arm to administer the dobutamine.
• Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiogram: A three-dimensional echocardiogram provides a more detailed and realistic image of the heart compared to traditional two-dimensional echocardiograms. It uses advanced technology to create a 3D representation of the heart’s structures allowing for better visualization and assessment of its function.
• Doppler echocardiogram: A Doppler echocardiogram measures the direction and speed of blood flow through the heart and blood vessels. It helps evaluate the functioning of heart valves and detects abnormalities like leaks or blockages. The Doppler technique uses sound waves to assess the movement of blood and can provide additional information alongside the standard echocardiogram.